Chapter 16 — Hospitals

Current circumstances

Most witnesses lived independently and had stable housing arrangements. Fifteen (15) witnesses owned their own homes and another six witnesses were living in local authority housing. Five (5) witnesses were living in supported accommodation facilities such as sheltered housing for people with disabilities and facilities run by government and non-government agencies. A further three witnesses described their living arrangements and other aspects of their personal lives as uncertain and that they relied on the support and assistance of community agencies. There was no detailed information available for two witnesses.

The health status of witnesses who reported abuse in hospital facilities reflected the fact that many were initially admitted to hospitals as a result of serious illness or significant disability. Information regarding health was provided by witnesses both directly and in the course of describing their current life circumstances. For the purpose of writing this Report the Committee categorised the witnesses’ physical and mental health status as good, reasonable or poor based on the information provided about past and current health history. Table 96 illustrates the physical health status of witnesses at the time of their hearing:

Physical health status	Males	Females	Total witnesses
Good	1	6	7
Reasonable	12	7	19
Poor	4	1	5
Total	17	14	31

Seven (7) witnesses described their current physical health as good and reported no particular concerns. They reported making good recoveries from tuberculosis or other illnesses for which they had been hospitalised as children.

Nineteen (19) witnesses described having reasonable physical health. They reported current physical health problems that were age related and/or the manageable consequences of their particular medical condition. I’m on an invalidity pension, it seems when you have my complaint it can affect a lot of things so I have to see a specialist a couple of times a year. • I had a discharge in me ear, all that banging around the head and pulling your hair gave me a mastoid, I’m sure it did...all the smacking around and the noise over not speaking up...

Six (6) of the 19 witnesses were wheelchair dependant or required mobility aids. Six (6) witnesses reported experiencing ongoing health difficulties that required surgery and other treatments. They reported that their mobility was restricted and that their lives were affected on a daily basis by the ongoing effects of their childhood illnesses and congenital conditions.

Five (5) witnesses reported having poor physical health that curtailed their daily functioning and independence. The witnesses reported their difficulties to be a consequence of their impairments, inadequate treatment, negligent care, physical abuse and associated injuries in childhood.

More witnesses reported good mental health than good physical health circumstances, as the following table indicates:

Mental health status	Males	Females	Total witnesses
Good	8	9	17
Reasonable	4	4	8
Poor	5	1	6
Total	17	14	31

Seventeen (17) witnesses reported having no particular mental health problems in their adult lives. A number of witnesses acknowledged experiencing both anger and sadness when reflecting on the treatment they were subjected to as hospitalised children, but do not consider that their mental health was adversely affected as a result.

Eight (8) witnesses reported experiencing a notable level of depression, for which four witnesses reported receiving treatment including medication and hospitalisation. They reported their difficulties to have lessened as they got older and also in response to treatment and counselling. I was cracking up except I didn’t know it...I remember I was working in...X company...I remember crying and not knowing why, and not being able to stop it and I knew that I was in trouble....The best decision ever was to accept responsibility for my life, that I was the only one who could do anything about it... • I had to go for a lot of therapy then...I was very angry, very aggressive. I was depressed, I didn’t know what was happening to me...I went for a long time, I found it very helpful.

Six (6) witnesses were categorised as experiencing poor mental health, which was signified by depression, hospitalisation, suicidal thoughts, and alcohol abuse. In some instances witnesses reported these experiences being also associated with violence. One witness reported life-long emotional and mental health difficulties that he believed were the result of the treatment and/or abuse he was subjected to in a psychiatric hospital as an adolescent.

Effects on adult life

Approximately half the witnesses who reported being abused as children in hospital facilities described life-long negative effects of the abuse they experienced, including being hospitalised and treated for depression and suicidal behaviour, abusing alcohol, and experiencing relationship difficulties, social isolation and continued feelings of anger. The nightmares were there but gradually they stopped... I lost me childhood, I lost me schooling, and I lost me confidence.

The following table lists the difficulties described by the 17 male and 14 female witnesses in their adult lives, in order of frequency. They are not mutually exclusive and were not prioritised by witnesses, who could report more than one effect.

Male witnesses	Female witnesses
Effects on adult life*	Number of reports	Effects on adult life*	Number of reports
Angry	10	Abuse not easily forgotten	10
Counselling required	8	Anxious and fearful	5
Abuse not easily forgotten	7	Lack of self-worth	5
Alcohol abuse	7	Counselling required	4
Feeling isolated	6	Angry	3
Lack of self-worth	6	Tearfulness	3
Mood instability	6	Feeling different from peers	3
Aggressive behaviour – physical	5	Feelings related to being a victim	3
Lack of trust	5	Lack of trust	3
Post-traumatic effect	5	Post-traumatic effect	3
Anxious and fearful	4	Unable to show feelings to partner	3
Feelings related to being a victim	4	Loner	2
Loner	4	Nightmares	2
Suicidal feelings or attempt	4	Overprotective of children	2
Aggressive behaviour – verbal	3	Overly compliant behaviour	2
Feelings related to being powerless	3	Sexual problems	2
Nightmares	3	Somatic symptoms	2
Overprotective of children	3	Suicidal feelings or attempt	2
Sleep disturbance	3	Withdrawal	2
Unable to settle	3	Alcohol abuse	1
Withdrawal	3	Fear of failure	1
Aggressive behaviour – psychological	2	Feeling isolated	1
Gender identity and sexual problems	3	Feelings related to being powerless	1
Somatic symptoms	2	Issues of needing approval	1
Unable to show feelings to children	2	Mood instability	1
Unable to show feelings to partner	2	Sleep disturbance	1
Tearfulness	1	Not applicable
Fear of failure	1	Not applicable
Over harsh with children	1	Not applicable

The experience of feeling abandoned by parents and family was frequently reported by witnesses in relation to their hospitalisation. Thirteen (13) witnesses, especially those who remained in hospital for a substantial period of their childhood, remarked on the sense of loss they experienced. Several witnesses commented that their admission to hospital was a distressing experience for their parents, and in some instances led to a sense of alienation from the family members who had remained at home. Many witnesses commented that, as a result of being hospitalised, they felt different from their siblings and less a part of their family: I had my own ways of doing things, I was bold...what they... (family) ... would call bold, because in the hospital you had to fight, I had to fight for whatever...to be myself, whatever that was, They ...(family) ... found that difficult. • I remember losing any sense of belonging, or any sense of family at quite an early age. • It was very difficult to fit back into the family when discharged from hospital, I remember being brought home and remember there was a party and I was taken around to each one of them ... (siblings) ... and I didn’t know any of them...distressed...and that was hard.

Witnesses commented that childhood experiences of separation and isolation made it more difficult to form close attachments with their own partners and children. Witnesses who were sexually abused described a particular difficulty in relation to intimate relationships in adulthood. I was very angry with my husband and then I said “He doesn’t deserve this”... I had to let him alone...he was a good man ... I had to look at my own issues... we are still together anyway!

Witnesses who were admitted to hospital from families where there were close and affectionate relationships described being shocked to find themselves both witnessing and being subject to abuse they had not previously encountered. A number of these witnesses described being now fearful of authority and generally more anxious in their adult lives than their siblings who had remained at home. Two (2) of these witnesses commented on the reactivated trauma they experienced when their own children were admitted to hospital many years later.